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Nivel: Intermedio.
Explicación en español para todos los lectores.
Phrasal Verbs
Básicamente un Phrasal Verb es un verbo compuesto que puede ser Separable o No-Separable.
(sb.) = Somebody.
(sth.) = Something.
Hay 4 tipos principales de Verbos Compuestos.
- Verbo + Partícula (Phrasal Verb)
e.g. Break down, grow up.
His marriage BROKE DOWN
He GREW UP in the country.
*El verbo y la particular son inseparables. Estos tipos de verbos son intransitivos es decir, el verbo no toma un objeto. En otras palabras el verbo no afecta a alguien o algo más. Es una situación que sólo ocurre. En el enunciado The Light went out (Se fue la luz), went out no se puede separar. La luz sólo se fue, nadie “hizo” que se fuera.
- Verbo + Partícula + Objeto // Verbo + Objeto + Partícula (Phrasal Verb)
e.g. Bring (sb.) up, take (sth.) up.
My grandmother BROUGHT me UP.
I’d like to TAKE UP driving seriously.
*El verbo y la particular son separables. Si el objeto es un pronombre (e.g. me, you, him, her, it, us, them), éste DEBE ir entre el verbo y la partícula.
- Verbo + Preposición + Objeto (Prepositional Verb)
e.g. Come across sb./sth., look after sb./sth.
I came across some photos recently.
We are looking after the neighbour’s dog.
*El objeto debe ir justo después de la preposición.
- Verbo + Partícula + Preposición + Objeto (Prepositional Verb)
e.g. come up with (sth.), look down on (sb.)
We need to come up with some ideas for marketing the product.
*El objeto debe ir justo después de la preposición.
¿Como sé cuando una combinación de verbos compuestos es Phrasal verb o Prepositional Verb?
Como ya sabemos, los verbos compuestos consisten en dos partes: un verbo base (bring, come, take) y una partícula (up, down off etc).
En un Prahasal verb el verbo compuesto tiene un significado muy diferente a cada una de las palabras por separado
Give up significa rendirse (Give – dar, Up – arriba)
Blow up significa explotar (Blow – soplar, Up – arriba)
En un Prepositional Verb el verbo base mantiene su significado y la partícula sirve como intensificador o para especificar la acción.
Please look after the kids (look after – cuidar, ver q los niños estén bien)
I came across some photos (come across – encontrar algo por accidente. Literalemte vine y encontré algo)
Algunos verbos:
Break down | Romperse, dejar de funcionar bien. His marriage broke down. |
Break in / Break into sth | Entrar en un edificio a la fuerza. He broke into a house. |
Bring (sb) up | Cuidar y educar a un niño. Jamie was brought up un the country. |
Bring (sth) up | Mencionar algo o empezar a hablar de un suceso. Working in a team can bring up new ideas. |
Build (sth) up | Incrementar. They can build up their confidence gradually. |
Carry on with (sth) | Continuar. I wish I’d carried on with my education. |
Carry (sth) out | Hacer, llevar acabo. Scientists are carring out experiments. |
Catch on to (sth) | Entender. He catches on to new ideas quickly. |
Come across (sb/sth) | Encontrar algo ó a alguién por accidente. She came across a phone she used to own. |
Come through | Tener éxito después de momentos difíciles. I’ve had my share of problems, but I’ve come through. |
Come up | Mencionarse o sugerirse. Four names came up again and again. |
Come up with (sth) | Pensar en, inventar. The company has come up with a new gadget. |
Cope with (sth) | Lograr hacer algo que es difícil. It was difficult to cope with the lack of Light. |
Deal with (sth) | Actuar para resolver un problema. You have a problem? Well, you need to deal with it. |
Drop out | Detener una actividad antes de que se termine. I dropped out in the first round. |
Eat out | Salir a comer. I eat out most evenings. |
End up | Caer en una situación a la que no se quería llegar. We might end up forgetting how to talk to one another. |
Face up to (sth) | Aceptar una situación difícil y tratar de sobrellevarla. You need to face up to problems. |
Fall out with (sb) | Discutir. I fell out with my coach. |
Find out about (sth) | Descubrir información. We found out about their plans just in time. |
Flick through (sth) | Pasar rápido las páginas sin leer cuidadosamente. I flick through Celebrity magazines. |
Gather (sth) up | Acomodar las cosas en un lugar. I gathered up my books. |
Get (sth) across | Explicar, comunicar algo. He gets new ideas across to students. |
Get down to (sth) | Empezar a hacer algo seriamente. She couldn’t get down to her homework. |
Get on | Progresar, tener éxito. To get on in life, you need clear goals. |
Get on with (sb) | Tener una Buena relación con alguién. At first I got on with Mark very well. |
Get up | Levantarse. Sandy got up very late. |
Give (sth) away | Donar. The shop gave away some samples. |
Give (sth) up | Rendirse, dejar de hacer algo. I gave up my job. |
Go ahead | Empezar a hacer algo. May I tell them what to do? Yes, go ahead. |
Go in for (sth) | Entrar en. I went in for a competition. |
Go on | Suceder. I didn’t know what was going on my flat. |
Go on (doing sth) | Continuar. I went on trying. |
Grow up | Crecer. He grew up in a farm. |
Hit on (sth) | Pensar en. He hit on a new idea. |
Keep on (…ing) | Continuar. We’ll keep on fighting till the end. |
Keep up with (sth) | Estar actualizado. I want to keep up with all the events in the world. |
Knock (sth) down | Destruir algo. The shopping center has been knocked down. |
Let (sb) down | Desilusionar a alguién por no hacer algo. Monse will never let you down. |
Live on (sth) | Comer solo una cosa. He lived on sodas and biscuits. |
Look after (sb / sth) | Cuidar de. You need to look after yourself. |
Look down on (sb) | Sentirse superior a. He looks down on everybody else. |
Look forward to (sth …ing) | Emocionarse por algo que va a pasar. I am looping forward to the trip. |
Look into (sth) | Tratar de enterarse de algo. The authorities are trying to look into the cause of the FIRE. |
Look out for (sb / sth) | Tratar de buscar algo o alguién. Look out for Mike at the party. |
Look up to (sb) | Admirar, respetar. He looks up to his grandfather. |
Made up of (sth) | Hecho de. This band is made up of rubber. |
Make (sth) up | Inventar. She’s making it up. |
Pick (sth) up | Aprender. Don’t worry, you’ll pick it up by trying it. |
Pick (so) up | Recoger. I need to pick her up early. |
Put off by (sth) | Desanimarse. I won’t be put off by difficult books. |
Run out of (sth) | Terminarse, acabarse. The car stopped because it ran out of gas. |
Save up for/to (sth) | Ahorrar para algo. I’m saving up to go to Canada. |
Set off | Empezar. You set off a journey. |
Show (sb) around | Mostrar al rededor de un lugar. Come, I’ll show you around the base. |
Show (sth) off | Presumir. He loves to show off his new car. |
Sneak out | Salir sin que se note. I want to sneak out this meeting. |
Switch (sth) off | Apagar una maquina. It’s too late, switch off the TV. |
Take (sth) in | Entender algo, concentrarse en. I can’t take in what he is saying. |
Take off | Despegar. The plane just took off. |
Take (sth) on | Ser responsable por algo I need to take on my life. |
Take (sth) up | Empezar a hacer algo regularmente. She needs to take up studying seriously. |
Turn (sth) off | Apagar. You need to turn off the radio. |
Turn (sth) on | Encender. Please turn on the computer, I need to work. |
Turn out | Suceder de una manera particular, resultar en. It turned out she was the thief. |
Turn up | Llegar. When I turned up, nobody was there. |
Wear off | Desaparecer gradualmente. The printing wore off. |
Work (sth) out | Decir ó calcular algo. It’s hard to work out anything from his face. |
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